The Structure Of A Double Helix - 950 Words

The Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a molecule that is able to encode hereditary information as well as transmitting such information from one generation to the next. The structure of the DNA is that of a double helix, much resembled as the structure similar to that of a spiral staircase. Such structural features arises from the strand of the DNA being a polymer consisting of a repeating polynucleotide chain of sugar group and phosphate backbone, with each sugar group being covalently bonded, by a hydrogen bond, to one of its complimenting four nitrogenous bases (nucleotides): cytosine (C) pairing with guanine (G), and adenine (A) pairing with thymine (T) (figure 2) [ ]. In the DNA a specific length of it is responsible for encoding and carrying out a specific function in the cell; however, each cell â€Å"specializes† itself by undergoing transcriptional genes silencing, regulating the gene activity in the cell as it requires, as in â€Å"turning off† such genes inheren tly. Gene silencing allows cells to be differentiated, wherein a skin cell during its development must have its nerve-specific genes turned off [ ]. On the molecular level, the DNA is remarkably long, if it were to be stretched end to end it would reach a length up to 6 feet, yet it is found in the minute sized organelles in the cells of organisms. Accordingly, despite its length, the DNA is wound around a spool-like proteins, called histones. Histones allow the DNA to be tightly wrapped enough to fit inside theShow MoreRelatedDna Rn Double Helix Structure1335 Words   |  6 PagesDNA RNA Double helix structure made of two DNA strands Made up of a single strand In DNA adenine base pairs with thymine In RNA adenine base pairs with uracil There is only one type of DNA There are three types of RNA; messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentoseRead MoreThe Double Helix Dna ( Deoxyribonucleic Acid ) Structure1724 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest minds of the last century and arguably the biggest step in to creating the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure. It goes without saying, that the basis of human life and why we are the way we are, is due to the DNA that is found on the double Helix. We can see all of our traits from our skin colour all the way to nail thickness, which are a combination of traits from both our parents. The DNA structure also allows us to view where elements come in to play and how our genetic informationRead MoreDna Is The Amazing Structure Known As A Double Helix910 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative: DNA has the awesome structure known as a double helix. Even though we as people may have the same bases of DNA as a plant or animals, the way the DNA sequences appear, are very different. Both animal and plant DNA are made from the same four chemical building blocks that we have, adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. DNA sequencing is the procedure of determining the ordering of the base pairs in a section of DNA. The way the nucleotides are arranged, and the information they encodeRead MoreYu Sun Park. Dr. Murphy. Lab Section 4. Discovery Of Dna1394 Words   |  6 Pagesof DNA double helix: Related to both Scientific and Humane Aspects DNA, the molecule of life that carries genetic information in humans and almost all other organisms, has been considered as one of the greatest discoveries until now. If DNA could not have been discovered, we would not be able to do or test numerous things such as paternity test and pathological confirmation. There are four main scientists who contributed their lives, knowledge, and ambitions to find out the DNA double helix, a DNARead MoreWatson And Crick: Structure Of The Dna Molecule. Dna Was952 Words   |  4 PagesWatson and Crick: Structure of the DNA molecule DNA was first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. He found material in the nuclei of cells in discarded surgical bandages. Since this material was as yet unknown and came from the nucleus of cells he named it nuclein. As more became known about the material, it was later renamed nucleic acid and then deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. As DNA was further studied the components of the structure were isolated. Albrecht Kossel discovered that DNA had fiveRead MoreThe Characters In James Watsons The Double Helix1521 Words   |  7 Pages The Double Helix Essay In James Watson’s The Double Helix, there are four main scientists that all work towards the discovery of the double helix. These four people discovered the double helix and forever changed biology. Their names are James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins. The winners of the Nobel prize in real life were James D. Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. Rosalind was ineligible to receive the reward because she died prior to the award beingRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Double Helix And Dna979 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation of the organism and is used in processes like mitosis, meiosis and protein production. The reason as to why I chose this topic specifically is because it is central to my favourite aspect of biology, genetics. Prior to the discover of the double helix and DNA itself there was some information and experiments done on genetics with what little knowledge they had. Gregor Mendel carried out his experiments on pea plants by cross breading plants with different traits and came to the conclusion thatRead MoreChapter 11 Bio Review Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesare bound together into a structure called a double helix. 3. The â€Å"base-paring rule† in DNA is that adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. Bases that can form pairs in DNA are called a complementary base pair. 4. When DNA is replicated, two new DNA double helices are formed, each consisting of one parental strand and one new, daughter strand. For this reason, DNA replication is called semiconservative replication. 5. The DNA double helix is unwounded by an enzymeRead MoreCharles Crick And James Watson On The Structure Of The Complex Molecule Known As Dna Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1962, the Nobel Prize was awarded to Francis Crick and James Watson for formulating the structure of the complex molecule known as DNA. These discoveries were a direct result of the accumulation of many scientists’ earlier analyses and findings of the DNA. Before Watson and Crick had developed the double-helical structure of DNA, indication of this genetic material had been revealed around the 1850’s. During the century following the first evidence of DNA, subsequent researchers had been eagerlyRead Moreresearch studies Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Irahani, Shara-aisa A. BEEd-I EdSci 102-A Feb. 18, 2014 â€Å"Race for the Double-Helix† What were your first impressions of the main characters? James Watson: An American biologist man who has a research about the DNA. For me, James Watson at first was a bit weird guy because of the way he stared and looked at people around him. He is a mysterious guy and a bit naughty to the ladies he has seen. As one of the character said, he is the â€Å"boy-wonderer†. He is also

The Poem Mother to Son by Langston Hughes - 690 Words

The poem â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes expresses a message that society can relate to. The poet does not just write directly about life; he uses extended metaphor; he compares climbing up a staircase to life’s many obstacles. The poet does this so a substantial number of people can understand his definition of life. What is life, an organism that has a pulse? If you agree with this, you are wrong! The poet’s concept of life isn’t a wordy definition that revolves around science, but life comes from your mind and body. This poem uses poetic devices, like extended metaphor, symbolism, and more to reveal the poet’s message- life has obstacles, it may be difficult, but you must work hard. In lines 1 through 7 the speaker, Langston, talks about a mother describing her life to her son by using an extended metaphor. The mother first starts by saying; â€Å"Life for me [hasn’t]†¦ been no crystal stair† (2); this means that from h er experiences about her life wasn’t clear and didn’t come with an â€Å"instructions package.† The poet uses imagery to let the readers have a clear visual of his metaphor about life. The mother delineates that her life is a staircase that belongs to an old building; it has â€Å"tacks† (3) and â€Å"splinters† (4), which indicates that her life had obstacles that slowed her from reaching success. Success is when you overcome a certain problem and feel a rush of happiness that you were able to do it, and not give up. A symbol that the poet uses is â€Å"tacks† toShow MoreRelatedPoem, Mother Of Son, By Langston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry Journal Assignment In the poem, Mother to Son, by Langston Hughes, the author highlights counsels a mother to her son, to be persistent, not to let discouraged by obstacles that arise in life, posing herself example, â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair†¦But all the time I’se been a-climin’ on.†, the image of a mother lovingly, wisely talking to her son about life.The language used by the mother shows that she was not an educated person and words such as â€Å"Tacks†, â€Å"splinters†, â€Å"boardsRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem, Mother And Son1171 Words   |  5 Pagesbelt, life is not always easy. As Langston Hughes states in â€Å"mother and son life is not a crystal stair. With his brilliant writing, Hughes conveys to the reader to never giving up just because something is not easy (Langston2). In the poem â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes. It seems that Langston Hughes wants the readers to understand that yeah li fe may be hard, but you have to get through it. One cannot give up just because things are not going their way. The mother explains how she has also enduredRead MorePersonal Reflection Of Langston Hughes s Poem, Mother And Son1289 Words   |  6 Pages1 English Composition II Chandler Dixon Personal Reflection of ?Mother to Son? In the poem ?Mother to Son? by Langston Hughes, the author describes a mother?s warning to her son about life?s struggles. This poem was written in 1926 by Hughes, during a time period known as the Harlem Renaissance. This was a time of expression for African Americans as the culture was two generations removed from the Civil War. The life of African Americans was completely different than their pre and post war relativesRead More Symbolic Imagery in Langston Hughes Poems, The Negro Speaks of Rivers and Mother To Son1651 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolic Imagery in Langston Hughes Poems, The Negro Speaks of Rivers and Mother To Son Langston Hughes uses symbolism throughout his poetry. In the poems The Negro Speaks of Rivers and Mother To Son, Langston Hughes uses symbolism to convey his meaning of the poems to the readers. Readers may make many interpretations about the symbols used throughout these poems. Throughout the poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers Hughes uses metaphorical statements to suggest to the readerRead More Struggles of African Americans in Langston Hughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight1672 Words   |  7 PagesStruggles of African Americans in Langston Hughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight The experiences, lessons, and conditions of one’s life provide a wellspring of inspiration for one’s creative expressions and ideas. Throughout life people encounter situations and circumstances that consequently help to mold them into individualized spirits. An individual’s personality is a reflection of his or her life. Langston Hughes, a world-renowned African American poet and self-professedRead MoreLangston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights960 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2012 Langston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights The purpose of this essay is to examine the theme of three Langston Hughes poems; â€Å"I. Too,† â€Å"Mother to Son,† and â€Å"Theme for English B.† The theme of these three essays is civil rights. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. His parents separated early in his life, he lived with his mother in Kansas City. Langston Hughes attended High School where as a senior he wrote, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers.† Langston became a MerchantRead MoreAn Explication Of Langston Hughes Mother To Son1210 Words   |  5 PagesExplication of Langston Hughes Mother to Son Langston Hughes once stated in his own words that his whole purpose for writing was, to explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America. In the poem Mother to Son, he denotes his belief on racism in America. In Mother to Son, a mother is giving advice to her son about life from her perspective and experiences. She wants her son to keep striving on what he believes and to have a more prosperous life than what she had. Langston Hughes was bornRead MoreThe Writing Style Of Langston Hughes1001 Words   |  5 Pagescollective, is one of the many legacies of Hughes, who has been called â€Å"the architect† of the black poetic tradition. He is certainly one of the world’s most universally beloved poets, read by children and teachers, scholars and poets, musicians and historians. Langston Hughes became the voice of black America in the 1920s, when his first published poems brought him more than moderate success. Throughout his lifetime, his work encompassed both popular lyrical poems, and more controversial political workRead MorePoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreAnalysis Of James Mercer Langston Hughes Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. He was the only boy out of seven sisters, and he didn’t play many sports growing up. His parents divorced when he was a young child, and his father moved to Mexico. He lived with and was raised by his grandmother Dorian Rothsmith until he was thirteen. When James turned thirteen he moved to Lincoln, Illinois, to live with his mother and her husband, bef ore the family eventually settled in Cleveland, Ohio. It was in Lincoln

Paganism vs Christianity Free Essays

Pagan vs. Christian The holy Catholic Religion had a drastic Christian like impact on the barbarian, Viking Pagans of the Anglo-Saxon Age in England (Elements of Literature 11). The Catholics evolved the aggressive Pagan Vikings into a peaceful society (Williams). We will write a custom essay sample on Paganism vs Christianity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, the Catholics substituted their warlike religion and after-life to a more holy and Christian like religion (Chaney 197-217). Along with the altering of the Pagan society and religion, the Catholics also transformed the Pagans dominant government style to a more civilized and unified one (Williams). The Pagans did not expect their society, religion, and government would be shifted to a Christian like style, but it did (Elements of Literature 11). The calm Catholics transformed the brutal Pagan Vikings into a more civilized society (Williams). After the transformation the Pagan’s tribal like communities was changed to towns with Castles (Williams). Also the Pagan’s tradition of oral literature being told by the scop was changed to written language in which the monks wrote (Williams). The unimportance of women in the Pagan society was changed when Virgin Mary the patriot saint helped raise the status of women (Williams). Along changing the type of society the Pagans were accustomed to into a more modern one like the Catholics there was also a change in religious beliefs (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Pagans believed in a warrior death and after-life while the Catholics believed in a holy peaceful religion, this was another alteration the Catholics made upon the Pagans (Chaney 197-217). The Pagans believed there was many gods and the best place to go after death was Valhalla while the Catholics believed in one God and Heaven was the best place after death (Chaney 197-217). The Catholics had an idol to live up to which was Jesus, the son of God, while the Pagans fought in battle to please Valkyries, whom was said to be the person who chose who died in battle (Chaney 197-217). The Pagans lived to die in battle, they believed dying in battle was heroic, the Catholics believed in living a sin free life and living a peaceful after-life (Chaney 197-217). Along with the changing of the Pagan’s arbarian society and warrior like religion the Catholics also evolved their tribal government into a more modern type (Elements of Literature 11). The Pagans believed in the strongest warrior being the King, or leader of the tribe, while the Catholics believed God chose who the heir to the throne would be (Williams). The Pagan king was known to be the bravest of all warriors b ut Catholics substituted the bravery for education and began to educate the Pagans (WIlliams). The Catholics also crated a Parliament in the Pagan tribe, which was something they lacked before ( WIlliams). Pagan warriors believed the strongest of all died to protect the king after the Catholics had an impact of their lifestyle it was believed there was a Diving Right of King (Williams). The Catholics unified England with their transformation of the Pagan lifestyle (Elements of Literature 11). In the end the Pagans resulted in a peaceful society in which provided a common system of morality (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Catholics also provided the Pagans with a common faith of Christianity in which was more peaceful (Chaney 197-217). The most important gift the Catholics gave to the pagans was the transformation of a warrior leader to a militant but yet strategic leader to run a more civilized government (Elements of Literature 11). The calm Christians of the Catholic religion had a positive influence on the barbarous Pagans off the Anglo-Saxon Age in England ( Williams). Although there were many changes made to the Pagan lifestyle there were many more that needed to be made in order for them to be a more civilized nation of what present day England is like today (Elements of Literature 11). How to cite Paganism vs Christianity, Papers

Camping Campfire and Best Friend Essay Example For Students

Camping: Campfire and Best Friend Essay People say taking a vacation is becoming expensive and a waste of time. Well living in the country as a child was like camping every weekend. We spent hours out in the forest of trees we had on the property, many adventures were made there. We had our own swim hole at the river on the property. My brothers had built a fort out of railroad ties. We spent many nights sleeping out under the stars, camping to me is like reliving childhood. I feel that its a chance to reconnect with family and friends, experience new adventure, and enjoy the outdoors. I had such a time camping with my best friend and family July of 2004. Our trip was at Lake Solano in Winters, Ca. we spent two wonderful days there. Our first night after setting up camp, we spent the evening by the river bank. Enjoying the outdoors has a way of bring out your imagination. There was a full moon that casted a light over the river and reflected up on the other side. Looking at the landscape, we decided to play a game, using the trees line above to make images. We stared at the trees, letting our imagination go. We saw a mother bear with a cub, a man carrying a fishing pole, an elephant standing on a ball. This went for hours. What was real funny, we went back the next morning, the images we had seen the night before were not the same. One of the joys of Mother Nature, the daylight had changed the landscape. While camping, you also experience new adventures. One day we rented a canoe. We had planned to go up the river back to camp, well that was easier said than done. Its best to know how to row a canoe, seeing that this was my first time, I had no clue. Rhonda, my best friend, tried to give me a quick lesson. I could not get the hang of it. She became so angry with me, because we kept ending up on the bank of the river. I wasn’t helping matters by laughing so hard, I thought was hilarious. We did make back to camp, no help from me. We switched over to kayaks, this time I was on my own as far as rowing. This too was a new challenge, kayaks are a lighter. You need to keep yourself balanced very well, otherwise you’ll tip over. It took some time, and a few close calls, but once I got the hang of it I relaxed. I found being on the water and gliding across it so easily was very relaxing. Overcoming new challenges gives you a sense of accomplishment. Another benefit of vacation is reconnecting with friends and family. Each day begins, and ends at the camp fire. Talking about the different activities for the day, or telling about the things that happened that day, gives you a time of reconnecting with everyone. Sitting around the campfire, making meals, roasting marshmallows to make smores, or just enjoying the quiet surroundings of nature. I feel camping is a great way to relax, spend time with family and friends, enjoy nature, and experience new adventures. In these American times we value hard work, we are always pushing ourselves to work harder, and get ahead in life. At times we need to take a moment for ourselves to rejuvenate from the stressful lifestyles we live. Camping enables us to relax and enjoy a slower pace of life.